Method for producing austenite stainless steel slab

ABSTRACT

A method for producing an austenitic stainless steel slab by continuous casting of an austenitic stainless steel, including applying electric power to the molten steel in a depth region providing a solidification shell thickness of from 5 to 10 mm at least at a center position in the long edge direction, so as to cause flows in directions inverse to each other in the long edge direction on both long edge sides, thereby performing electro-magnetic stirring (EMS) to control a continuous casting condition satisfying 10&lt;ΔT&lt;50×F EMS +10. Herein, ΔT represents a difference between an average molten steel temperature (° C.) and a solidification starting temperature (° C.) of the molten steel, and F EMS  represents a stirring intensity index shown by a function of a molten steel flow velocity in the long edge direction imparted by the electro-magnetic stirring and a casting velocity.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for producing an austeniticstainless steel slab by continuous casting utilizing electro-magneticstirrer (EMS).

BACKGROUND ART

The continuous casting method has been widely utilized as amanufacturing method of an austenitic stainless steel, such as SUS 304.The resulting continuously cast slab can be formed into a thin steelstrip through processes including hot rolling and cold rolling. Theproduction technique thereof has been established in these days, and athin steel strip of an austenitic stainless steel is being used asproduct materials in many applications. However, the thin steel strip ofan austenitic stainless steel may even undergo an explicit surface flawin some cases, which is considered to be derived from a surface defectof the cast slab. The problem of a surface flaw of the thin steel stripmay be avoided in most cases by introducing a process of grinding thesurface of the slab with a grinder. However, the surface grinding with agrinder may increase the cost. Such a production technique of thecontinuously cast slab is demanded that causes no problem of a surfaceflaw on a thin steel strip even though the surface grinding is omitted.

PTL 1 describes a technique of relieving a surface defect derived froman oscillation mark in a continuously cast slab of an austeniticstainless steel. In the continuous casting of a steel, electro-magneticstirrer (EMS) is effective as a measure for suppressing contamination ofthe solidification shell with foreign matters, and has been widelyutilized (see, for example, PTL 2). PTL 3 describes an example, in whichelectro-magnetic stirring is performed, and the discharge angle from thesubmerged nozzle is set to 5° upward, thereby relieving a bubble defectand a crack occurring in a continuously cast slab of a medium carbonsteel and a low carbon steel. However, even in the case where thesetechniques are applied to an austenitic stainless steel, it is difficultto relieve stably and significantly the occurrence of a surface flaw ina thin steel strip thereof derived from the cast slab.

CITATION LIST Patent Literatures

PTL 1: JP 6-190507 A

PTL 2: JP 2004-98082 A

PTL 3: JP 10-166120 A

PTL 4: JP 2005-297001 A

PTL 5: JP 2017-24078 A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

According to the investigations by the present inventors, it has beenconfirmed that the surface flaw, which is explicit in a thin steel stripof an austenitic stainless steel and tends to be a problem particularlyin a purpose requiring a goods surface appearance, is derived mainlyfrom a surface defect involving a crack formed in the longitudinaldirection (i.e., the casting direction) of the continuously cast slab.In the following description, the defect of this type on the surface ofthe slab is referred to as a “surface defect in casting direction”. Theoccurrence of a surface flaw on a thin steel strip derived from thesurface defect in casting direction cannot be avoided even though theoscillation mark is smoothened as described in PTL 1.

According to the researches by the inventors, it is considered that thesurface defect in casting direction of the continuously cast slab isformed through the following mechanism.

In the case where the cooling in the mold in the continuous castingprocess unevenly occurs, the thickness of the solidification shellbecomes uneven, and then the stress caused by the solidificationcontraction and the ferrostatic pressure is concentrated thereto to forma fine crack. The crack appears as the surface defect in castingdirection on the surface of the slab. The crack does not grow to such adepth that breaks the solidification shell having been formed, and thusdoes not bring about a serious situation inhibiting the operation of thecontinuous casting.

While the cause of the aforementioned local decrease of the cooling ratecannot be necessarily identified, it is considered that such aphenomenon occurs that the solidification shell is locally detached fromthe mold in the initial stage of solidification since the observation ofthe portion having the surface defect in the casting direction revealsthat a depression frequently occurs therein. Plural causes may beconsidered therefor, such as uneven inflow of the mold powder and unevendeformation of the solidification shell caused by the solidificationcontraction. The surface defect in casting direction of this type tendsto be a problem particularly in an austenitic stainless steel species,as compared to a ferritic stainless steel species and the like, and thisis considered to be caused by the difference in solidification mode.

It has been known that the unevenness in cooling in the mold is promotedby the forced cooling condition, and a measure has been proposed forsuppressing the occurrence of the surface defect in casting direction onthe surface of the slab by gradual cooling in the mold. For example, PTL4 proposes that the solidification shell is gradually cooled byincreasing the heat resistance of the mold powder layer with the use ofmold powder that is readily crystallized. However, the effect of thegradual cooling cannot be said to be sufficient only with the moldpowder, and the surface defect in casting direction on the surface ofthe austenitic stainless steel slab cannot be completely avoided.Furthermore, the replacement of the mold powder may influence the otherquality factors, such as the depth of the oscillation mark, and theoccurrence of the breakout, and thus cannot be easily employed. PTL 5achieves the gradual cooling of the mold by filling a metal having a lowthermal conductivity on the inner wall of the mold. However, the surfacedefect in casting direction on the surface of the slab cannot becompletely prevented only by the measure. Furthermore, in the case wherethe mold of this type is applied, the mold cannot be applied only to thesteel species having the problem of the surface defect in castingdirection, but is necessarily applied to all the other steel species,and therefore another factor deteriorating the surface quality may occurin the other steel species.

An object of the invention is to disclose a continuous casting techniquefor an austenitic stainless steel that significantly suppresses the“surface defect in casting direction” occurring in the longitudinaldirection (i.e., the casting direction) of the continuously cast slab,and to provide a continuously cast slab of an austenitic stainless steelthat significantly hardly undergoes a surface flaw after processing upto a thin steel strip even though the treatment of the surface of thecontinuously cast slab with a grinder is omitted.

Solution to Problem

In consideration of the circumstances, the inventors have made theearnest investigations on a method for suppressing the surface defect incasting direction on the surface of an austenitic stainless steel slab,and as a result, have found a measure for achieving homogeneous gradualcooling in the mold by combining “decrease in casting temperature” and“in-mold electro-magnetic stirring”. It has been confirmed that theapplication of the measure can significantly suppress the surface defectin casting direction in the existing continuous casting apparatus. Theinvention has been achieved based on the knowledge.

The invention relates to the following.

A method for producing an austenitic stainless steel slab,

assuming that in continuous casting of a steel using a mold having arectangular profile shape of an inner surface of the mold cut in ahorizontal plane, two inner wall surfaces of the mold constituting longedges of the rectangular shape each are referred to as a “long edgesurface”, two inner wall surfaces of the mold constituting short edgesthereof each are referred to as a “short edge surface”, a horizontaldirection in parallel to the long edge surface is referred to as a “longedge direction”, and a horizontal direction in parallel to the shortedge surface is referred to as a “short edge direction”,

including: discharging a molten steel of an austenitic stainless steelhaving a chemical composition containing, in terms of percentage bymass, from 0.005 to 0.150% of C, from 0.10 to 3.00% of Si, from 0.10 to6.50% of Mn, from 1.50 to 22.00% of Ni, from 15.00 to 26.00 of Cr, from0 to 3.50% of Mo, from 0 to 3.50% of Cu, from 0.005 to 0.250% of N, from0 to 0.80% of Nb, from 0 to 0.80% of Ti, from 0 to 1.00% of V, from 0 to0.80% of Zr, from 0 to 1.500% of Al, from 0 to 0.010% of B, and from 0to 0.060% in total of a rare earth element and Ca, with the balance ofFe and unavoidable impurities, having a value A of 20.0 or less definedby the following expression (4), from a submerged nozzle having twodischarge ports disposed at a center in the long edge direction and theshort edge direction in the mold; and applying electric power to themolten steel in a vicinity of a solidification shell in a depth regionproviding a solidification shell thickness of from 5 to 10 mm at leastat a center position in the long edge direction, so as to cause flows indirections inverse to each other in the long edge direction on both longedge sides, thereby performing electro-magnetic stirring (EMS) tocontrol a continuous casting condition satisfying the followingexpression (1):10<ΔT<50×F _(EMS)+10  (1)wherein ΔT and F_(EMS) are represented by the following expressions (2)and (3) respectively:ΔT=T _(L) −T _(S)  (2)F _(EMS) =V _(EMS)×(0.18×V _(C)+0.71)  (3)wherein T_(L) represents an average molten steel temperature (° C.) atan average molten steel surface depth of 20 mm at a position of a ¼position in the long edge direction and a ½ position in the short edgedirection; T_(S) represents a solidification starting temperature (° C)of the molten steel; F_(EMS) represents a stirring intensity index;V_(EMS) represents an average molten steel flow velocity (m/s) in thelong edge direction imparted by the electro-magnetic stirring in a depthregion providing a solidification shell thickness of from 5 to 10 mm ata center position in the long edge direction; and V_(C) represents acasting velocity (m/min) corresponding to a progress velocity of thecast slab in a longitudinal direction:A=3.647(Cr+Mo+1.5Si+0.5Nb)−2.603(Ni+30C+30N+0.5Mn)−32.377  (4)wherein the element symbols in the expression (4) represent contents ofthe elements in terms of percentage by mass respectively.

In the continuous casting, the continuous casting condition ispreferably controlled to further satisfy also the following expression(5). The following expression (6) may be employed instead of theexpression (5).ΔT≤25  (5)ΔT≤20  (6)

The continuous casting condition is preferably controlled to furthersatisfy also the following expression (7). The following expression (8)may be employed instead of the expression (7).F _(EMS)≤0.50  (7)F _(EMS)≤0.40  (8)

The surface of the molten steel in the mold fluctuates by the flow andvibration of the molten metal during the operation of the continuouscasting. The “average molten steel surface depth” is the depth in thevertically downward direction based on the average position of thesurface of the molten steel. There are two positions for the “positionsat a ¼ position in the long edge direction and a ½ position in the shortedge direction” with the center submerged nozzle interveningtherebetween in the mold. The average molten steel temperature T_(L) (°C.) is the average value of the molten steel temperatures at an averagemolten steel surface depth of 20 mm at the two positions. Thesolidification starting temperature T_(S) (° C.) is a temperaturecorresponding to the liquidus line temperature.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the method for producing a continuously cast slab of theinvention, in a continuously cast slab of an austenitic stainless steel,the occurrence of the “surface defect in casting direction” can besignificantly suppressed, and the problem of a surface flaw derived fromthe slab appearing on the thin steel strip of an austenitic stainlesssteel can be avoided by a production process, in which the treatment ofthe surface of the continuously cast slab with a grinder is omitted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an appearance photograph of a continuously cast slab of anaustenitic stainless steel having a surface defect in casting directionoccurring thereon.

FIG. 2 is an appearance photograph of a cold rolled steel sheet of anaustenitic stainless steel having a surface flaw derived from a surfacedefect in casting direction of a slab.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of a cross sectional structure near the surfaceof a continuously cast slab of an austenitic stainless steel having asurface defect in casting direction occurring thereon.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view schematically exemplifying a crosssectional structure of a continuous casting apparatus capable of beingapplied to the invention, cut in the horizontal plane at the surface ofthe molten steel in the mold.

FIG. 5 is an illustration showing the “positions at a ¼ position in thelong edge direction and a ½ position in the short edge direction” bysymbols P₁ and P₂ in the mold shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a photograph of a metal structure of a continuously cast slabof an austenitic stainless steel according to the invention obtained bya method employing electro-magnetic stirrer, on the cross sectionalsurface perpendicular to the casting direction.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of a metal structure of a continuously cast slabof an austenitic stainless steel obtained by a method employing noelectro-magnetic stirrer, on the cross sectional surface perpendicularto the casting direction.

FIG. 8 is a graph plotting the relationship between ΔT and F_(EMS).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In the continuous casting, a flux layer formed of molten mold powder isgenerally formed on the surface of the molten steel. The flux intervenesfrom the surface of the molten steel into the gap between thesolidification shell and the mold to form a flux film, which bearslubrication between them. In general, the distance between thesolidification shell and the mold separated by the flux film issubstantially homogeneous at the same positions in the casting direction(i.e., the positions with the same depth from the surface of the moltensteel), and the heat removal by the mold occurs substantiallyhomogeneously. However, there may be a position where the distancebetween the shell and the mold in the initial stage of solidification isincreased due to some sort of factors, such as invasion of a foreignmatter between the solidification shell and the mold. At that position,the solidification proceeds in such a state that the thickness of thesolidification shell is smaller than the surrounding since the surfaceof the solidification shell is depressed from the surrounding, and thecooling rate is lowered from the surrounding. At the position where thedistance is increased in viewing from the above in the castingdirection, the state where the thickness of the solidification shell issmaller than the surrounding is continued for a certain period of timeuntil the influence of the factor increasing the distance (such as theinvasion of a foreign matter) is resolved. Accordingly, thesolidification shell inside the mold has formed therein a region of athin portion of the solidification shell extending in the castingdirection. The stress is concentrated to the thin portion of thesolidification shell, and at the time when the surface portion thereofcannot withstand the stress, a surface crack extending in the castingdirection occurs inside the mold. However, the crack is minute and doesnot cause an accident where the molten metal leaks therefrom (i.e.,breakout). It is considered that the “surface defect in castingdirection” formed on the continuously cast slab of an austeniticstainless steel is formed in this mechanism.

While the major austenitic stainless steel is solidified often with a δferrite phase as a primary crystal, there may be a case where theproportion of the δ ferrite phase formed is considerably small and acase where the austenite single phase is solidified, depending on thechemical composition. P and S as the impurities in the steel tend to bedissolved in the δ ferrite phase rather than the austenite phase, andtherefore particularly in a steel species having a small proportion ofthe δ ferrite phase formed, P and S tend to undergo segregation at thegrain boundary of the austenite phase, and decrease the strength of thatportion. It is considered consequently that the “surface defect incasting direction” involving a surface crack tends to occur in anaustenitic stainless steel rather than a ferritic stainless steel.

The surface defect in casting direction involving a surface crack isoften observed with a length of from several centimeters to several tenscentimeters in the longitudinal direction of the slab. In the case wherethe extent of the surface crack formed is considerably large undervisual inspection, there may be cases where the portion is intensivelytreated with a grinder. However, the surface crack of this kind existsin the shallow portion of the surface of the slab, and thus generallydoes not grow to an increased crack through hot rolling and coldrolling. Accordingly, particularly for a general purpose steel species,such as SUS 304, it is the general procedure that the continuously castslab is subjected to the process of hot rolling and cold rolling withouta particular surface treatment on the slab. The surface defect incasting direction with a certain extent existing on the surface of thecontinuously cast slab appears as a surface flaw extending continuouslyor intermittently in the rolling direction in the cold rolled steelsheet. Therefore, for providing an austenitic stainless steel coldrolled steel sheet with high quality, it is effective to produce a slabhaving the surface defect in casting direction that is as small aspossible in the stage of continuous casting.

FIG. 1 exemplifies an appearance photograph of a continuously cast slabof an austenitic stainless steel having a surface defect in castingdirection with a large extent occurring thereon. The direction inparallel to the long edge of the photograph corresponds to thelongitudinal direction (i.e., the casting direction) of the slab, andthe direction perpendicular thereto corresponds to the width directionof the slab. A surface defect in casting direction exceeding 27 cmappears at the position pointed by the arrow.

FIG. 2 exemplifies an appearance photograph of a cold rolled steel sheetof an austenitic stainless steel having a surface flaw derived from asurface defect in casting direction of a slab. The direction in parallelto the scale corresponds to the rolling direction. A surface flawextending in the rolling direction appears at the center portion of thespecimen of the cut sheet. The example shown in the photograph is a casewhere a considerably large flaw is formed. The elemental analysis of theportion having the flaw detects a large amount of the elements containedin the mold powder (such as Na), and thus it is identified that thesurface flaw is derived from the surface defect in casting direction ofthe slab.

FIG. 3 exemplifies a photograph of a cross sectional structure near thesurface of a continuously cast slab of an austenitic stainless steelhaving a surface defect with a relatively large extent in castingdirection occurring thereon. The direction in parallel to the long edgeof the photograph corresponds to the width direction of the slab, andthe direction perpendicular to the long edge and the short edge of thephotograph corresponds to the casting direction. Since the surface ofthe slab around the portion having the crack formed is depressed fromthe surrounding, it is considered that the distance between thesolidification shell and the mold is increased from the surrounding dueto some sort of factors in the formation of the initial solidificationshell. It is considered that thereby the heat removal by the mold isslowed down from the surrounding to decrease the solidification rate,and the casting proceeds in the state where the thickness of thesolidification shell is smaller than the surrounding, resulting in thecrack caused by the stress concentration to the portion of the thinsolidification shell.

For the cases having a crack of this type formed, the comparison of themetal structure near the surface of the slab between the vicinity of thecrack and the normal portion reveals that the dendrite secondary armspacing is larger in the vicinity of the crack than the normal portionin all the cases, and thus it is confirmed that the solidification ratein the portion having the surface defect in casting direction formed issmaller than the surrounding.

For achieving the homogenization of the initial solidification and theslowing down of cooling, it has been firstly considered to operate witha small difference between the temperature of the liquid metal in themold and the solidification starting temperature of the steel (i.e., lowtemperature casting). It has been expected thereby to decrease totallythe heat removal amount by the mold. As a result of the experiment, theslowing down of cooling can be achieved by the low temperature casting,but it is significantly difficult to retain the temperature of theliquid metal constantly to a low value over the entire period ofcasting, and in the case where the temperature of the liquid metal istoo high, the effect of the slowing down of cooling disappears, whereasin the case where the temperature of the liquid metal is too low,troubles including clogging of the tundish nozzle occur, resulting inhindrance in the operation. In view of this, the use of in-moldelectro-magnetic stirrer (EMS) in addition to the low temperaturecasting has been considered. This is because the application of theelectro-magnetic stirring exerts an effect of making the temperature ofthe bath surface homogeneous in the long edge direction of the mold. Asa result of the experiment, the combination of these measures hasachieved the slowing down of cooling and the homogenization of theinitial solidification without extremely low temperature casting, andthereby the formation of the surface defect in casting direction can besignificantly relieved.

In the case where the casting temperature is not low temperature castingbut is an ordinarily employed temperature, the sufficient slowing downof cooling cannot be achieved even though the in-mold electro-magneticstirrer is applied, and the expected effect has not been obtained forthe reduction of the surface defect in casting direction.

In the invention, an austenitic stainless steel having the followingchemical composition is targeted:

a chemical composition containing, in terms of percentage by mass, from0.005 to 0.150% of C, from 0.10 to 3.00% of Si, from 0.10 to 6.50% ofMn, from 1.50 to 22.00% of Ni, from 15.00 to 26.00 of Cr, from 0 to3.50% of Mo, from 0 to 3.50% of Cu, from 0.005 to 0.250% of N, from 0 to0.80% of Nb, from 0 to 0.80% of Ti, from 0 to 1.00% of V, from 0 to0.80% of Zr, from 0 to 1.500% of Al, from 0 to 0.010% of B, and from 0to 0.060% in total of a rare earth element and Ca, with the balance ofFe and unavoidable impurities, having a value A of 20.0 or less definedby the following expression (4):A=3.647(Cr+Mo+1.5Si+0.5Nb)−2.603(Ni+30C+30N+0.5Mn)−32.377  (4)

In the expression (4), the element symbols represent contents of theelements in terms of percentage by mass respectively. The element thatis not contained represents 0.

While the value A of the expression (4) is originally used as an indexof the proportion (percentage by volume) of a ferrite phase in asolidification structure formed in welding, it has been confirmed thatthe value is an index that is beneficial for identifying an austeniticsteel species having a large effect of relieving the surface defect incasting direction of a continuously cast slab. A stainless steel specieshaving the value that is 20.0 or less tends to undergo the surfacedefect in casting direction since the crystallization amount of the δferrite phase is small in continuous casting, or the austenite singlephase is solidified. In the invention, such an austenitic steel speciesis targeted, and the surface defect in casting direction therein is tobe significantly relieved. A steel species having a negative value forthe value A can be considered to be a steel species where the austenitephase is solely solidified. The lower limit of the value A may not beparticularly set, and in general, a steel having a value of −20.0 ormore is effectively applied.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view schematically exemplifying a crosssectional structure of a continuous casting apparatus capable of beingapplied to the invention, cut in the horizontal plane at the surface ofthe molten steel in the mold. The “surface of the molten steel” meansthe liquid level of the molten steel. A layer of mold powder isgenerally formed on the surface of the molten steel. A submerged nozzle30 is disposed at the center of the region surrounded by two pairs ofmolds (11A and 11B) and (21A and 22B) facing each other. The submergednozzle has two discharge ports under the surface of the molten steel,and a molten steel 40 is continuously fed to the interior of the moldfrom the two discharge ports to form the surface of the molten steel atthe prescribed height position in the mold. The mold has an inner wallsurface of the mold in a rectangular profile shape cut in the horizontalplane, and in FIG. 4, the “long edge surfaces” constituting the longedges of the rectangular shape are denoted by the symbols 12A and 12B,and the “short edge surfaces” constituting the short edges thereof aredenoted by the symbols 22A and 22B. The horizontal direction in parallelto the long edge surface is referred to as a “long edge direction”, andthe horizontal direction in parallel to the short edge surface isreferred to as a “short edge direction”. In FIG. 4, the long edgedirection is shown by the white outline arrow with the symbol 10, andthe short edge direction is shown thereby with the symbol 20. At thelevel of the surface of the molten steel, the distance between the longedge surfaces 12A and 12B (which is t in FIG. 5 described later) may be,for example, from 150 to 300 mm, and the distance between the short edgesurfaces 22A and 22B (which is W in FIG. 5 described later) may be, forexample, from 600 to 2,000 mm.

Electro-magnetic stirrer devices 70A and 70B are disposed behind themolds 11A and 11B, and thereby a flowing force in the long edgedirection can be applied to the molten steel in a region having a depthproviding a thickness of the solidification shell of from 5 to 10 mmformed at least along the surfaces of the long edge surfaces 12A and12B. The “depth” herein means a depth based on the level of the surfaceof the molten steel. The surface of the molten steel may fluctuateduring the continuous casting, and in the description herein, theaverage level of the surface of the molten steel is designated as theposition of the bath surface. The region having a depth providing athickness of the solidification shell of from 5 to 10 mm generallyexists in a range of a depth of 300 mm or less from the surface of themolten steel while depending on the casting velocity and the heatremoval rate from the mold. Accordingly, the electro-magnetic stirrerdevices 70A and 70B are disposed at positions capable of applying aflowing force to the molten steel in a depth of approximately 300 mmfrom the surface of the molten steel.

In FIG. 4, the direction of the molten steel flows in the vicinity ofthe long edge surfaces formed through the electro-magnetic force of theelectro-magnetic stirrer devices 70A and 70B in the region having adepth providing a thickness of the solidification shell of from 5 to 10mm is shown by the black arrows 60A and 60B respectively. The flowdirections by the electro-magnetic stirrer are in such a manner thatflows in directions inverse to each other are formed in the long edgedirection on both long edge sides. In this case, in the region having adepth providing a thickness of the solidification shell of approximately10 mm, the horizontal flow of the molten steel in contact with thesolidification shell having been formed eddies in the mold. The moltensteel near the surface of the molten steel in the mold smoothly flowswithout stagnation by the eddying flow, thereby enhancing the effect ofhomogenizing the molten steel temperature in the mold at the time whenthe molten steel immediately under the surface of the molten steelforming the initial solidification shell is in contact with the moldwall.

FIG. 5 is an illustration showing the “positions at a ¼ position in thelong edge direction and a ½ position in the short edge direction” bysymbols P₁ and P₂ in the mold shown in FIG. 4. The average molten steeltemperature T_(L) (° C.) is shown by the average value of the moltensteel temperature (° C.) at an average molten steel surface depth of 20mm at the position P₁ and the molten steel temperature (° C.) at anaverage molten steel surface depth of 20 mm at the position P₂.

In the invention, the casting is performed at a temperature as low aspossible to satisfy the following expression (1). It is more effectivethat the casting is performed to satisfy the following expression (1)′.10<ΔT<50×F _(EMS)+10  (1)10<ΔT<50×F _(EMS)+8  (1)′

ΔT means the temperature difference between the molten steel temperaturein casting and the solidification starting temperature of the moltensteel, and specifically is defined by the following expression (2).ΔT=T _(L) −T _(S)  (2)

As the molten steel temperature in casting, the average molten steeltemperature T_(L) (° C.) is employed. T_(L) is the average value of themolten steel temperatures (° C.) at an average molten steel surfacedepth of 20 mm at the positions P₁ and P₂ shown in FIG. 5. Thesolidification starting temperature T_(S) (° C.) of the molten steel canbe comprehended by measuring the liquidus line temperature for a steelhaving the same composition by a laboratory experiment. In the actualoperation, ΔT can be controlled based on the data of the solidificationtemperatures having been comprehended for the every target compositionsin advance.

An operation at a low temperature with ΔT of 10° C. or less has a riskof troubles, such as clogging of the tundish nozzle, in the case wherean unexpected temperature fluctuation or the like occurs, and thus isdifficult to practice industrially. The allowable range of the upperlimit of ΔT may vary depending on the stirrer effect of the molten steelin the mold. Basically, with a larger stirring force by theelectro-magnetic stirrer, the molten steel temperature near the surfaceof the molten steel is homogenized to enhance the allowable upper limitof ΔT. Accordingly, the effect of suppressing the surface defect incasting direction of the slab surface cannot be sufficiently providedonly by decreasing ΔT without the use of the in-mold electro-magneticstirrer. However, it has been found that for the precise evaluation ofthe stirring effect, the influence of the discharge amount of the moltensteel fed into the mold cannot be ignored. The index showing thestirring effect is the stirring intensity index F_(EMS) represented bythe following expression (3).F _(EMS) =V _(EMS)×(0.18×V _(C)+0.71)  (3)wherein V_(EMS) represents an average molten steel flow velocity (m/s)in the long edge direction of the molten steel in contact with thesurface of the solidification shell in a depth region providing asolidification shell thickness of from 5 to 10 mm at a center positionin the long edge direction imparted by the electro-magnetic stirrer; andV_(C) represents a casting velocity (m/min). With a larger castingvelocity V_(C), the discharge flow amount from the submerged nozzle isincreased, and according thereto, the stirring of the molten steel inthe mold is activated. The stirring intensity index F_(EMS) of theexpression (3) can be understood as a parameter of the contribution ofthe electro-magnetic stirrer on the stirring effect that is compensatedin consideration of the influence of the discharge amount of the moltensteel.

The allowable upper limit of ΔT can be precisely estimated by applyingthe stirring intensity index F_(EMS) to the expression (1), and morepreferably the expression (1)¹. Specifically, the surface flaw on thecold rolled sheet derived from the surface defect in casting directioncan be significantly relieved by performing the continuous casting underthe condition where ΔT is smaller than 50×F_(EMS)+10 as shown in theexpression (1), or more preferably under the condition where ΔT issmaller than 50×F_(EMS)+8 as shown in the expression (1)′. With a largerstrength of the stirring of the molten steel (i.e., a larger stirrerintensity index F_(EMS)), the allowable upper limit of ΔT is enhanced.However, with excessive F_(EMS), the wavy surface of the molten steelbecomes severe, and the foreign matters, such as the mold powderparticles and the inclusions floating on the surface of the moltensteel, tend to be entrained into the solidification shell.

In order that the effect of preventing the surface flaw on the coldrolled steel sheet derived from the surface defect in casting directionis exhibited to a further higher level, the continuous casting conditionis preferably controlled to further satisfy also the followingexpression (5), and further preferably to further satisfy also thefollowing expression (6), in addition to the expression (1) or theexpression (1)′.ΔT≤25  (5)ΔT≤20  (6)

Furthermore, in order that the contamination with foreign matters causedby the wavy surface of the molten steel is effectively prevented, thecontinuous casting condition is preferably controlled to further satisfyalso the following expression (7), and further preferably to furthersatisfy also the following expression (8).F _(EMS)≤0.50  (7)F _(EMS)≤0.40  (8)

FIG. 6 exemplifies a photograph of a metal structure of a continuouslycast slab of an austenitic stainless steel according to the inventionobtained by a method employing electro-magnetic stirrer, on the crosssectional surface perpendicular to the casting direction. The directionin parallel to the long edge of the photograph is the width direction ofthe slab, and the direction in parallel to the short edge thereof is thethickness direction of the slab. The photograph shows the view field, inwhich the lower edge thereof corresponds to a distance of 15 mm from thesurface of the slab (i.e., the surface in contact with the mold), andthe surface of the slab is on the upper edge side of the photograph.

It has been known that in the case where a liquid metal flows withrespect to a mold, the solidification of crystals proceeds with aninclination toward the upstream side of the flow, and the inclinationangle of the crystal growth is increased with the increase of the flowvelocity. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the growth direction of thedendrite primary arm is inclined right. Accordingly, it is understoodtherefrom that the molten steel in contact with the solidification shellflows from right to left in the photograph. The relationship between theflow velocity of the molten steel in contact with the solidificationshell and the inclination angle of the crystal growth can be known, forexample, by a solidification experiment using a rotating rod-shapedheat-removing body. The flow velocity of the molten steel in contactwith the solidification shell in the continuous casting can be estimatedbased on the data collected by the laboratory experiments in advance.The average flow velocity V_(EMS) in the long edge direction of themolten steel in contact with the surface of the solidification shell ina depth region providing a solidification shell thickness of from 5 to10 mm can be comprehended by measuring the average inclination angle ofthe dendrite primary arm at a distance of from 5 to 10 mm from thesurface by the cross-sectional photograph. In the example shown in FIG.6, V_(EMS) is estimated as approximately 0.3 m/s. It is practical in anordinary continuous casting apparatus that V_(EMS) is controlled, forexample, to a range of from 0.1 to 0.6 mm/s. V_(EMS) may also be managedto from 0.2 to 0.4 mm/s.

In the actual operation, the molten steel flow velocity V_(EMS) can becontrolled by an electric current value applied to the electro-magneticstirrer device (which may be hereinafter referred to as an“electro-magnetic stirrer current”). In the continuous casting apparatusequipped with the electro-magnetic stirrer device, the “relationshipbetween the electro-magnetic stirrer current and the molten steel flowvelocities at positions in the mold” has been accumulated as data inadvance through the computer simulations, the experiments for actualmeasurements of the molten steel flow velocities, and the structureobservations described above for the slabs collected in the many actualoperations. In the actual operation, V_(EMS) may be controlled to theprescribed value with the electro-magnetic stirrer current based on theaccumulated data.

FIG. 7 exemplifies a photograph of a metal structure of a continuouslycast slab of an austenitic stainless steel obtained by a methodemploying no electro-magnetic stirrer, on the cross sectional surfaceperpendicular to the casting direction. The observation position of thespecimen is the same as in FIG. 6. In this case, no inclination in onedirection is found in the growth direction of the dendrite. Accordingly,it is understood that the portion providing a thickness of thesolidification shell of from 5 to 10 mm of this cast piece is solidifiedin a state where the molten steel does not flow in the long edgedirection.

EXAMPLES

The austenitic stainless steels having the chemical compositions shownin Table 1 were cast with a continuous casting apparatus to produce castpieces (slabs).

TABLE 1 Chemical composition (% by mass) No. C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Cu Nb N TiAl Others Value A 1 0.058 0.51 0.95 8.08 18.24 0.24 0.32 0.02 0.026 0.000.001 — 9.0 2 0.056 0.49 0.81 8.08 18.51 0.21 0.25 0.02 0.022 0.00 0.001— 10.5 3 0.016 0.59 1.74 14.51 18.49 3.29 0.29 0.01 0.059 0.00 0.003 —4.4 4 0.058 0.58 1.49 11.02 18.15 0.21 0.32 0.79 0.026 0.00 0.001 — 2.05 0.091 0.57 0.93 7.00 16.95 0.26 0.25 0.03 0.033 0.00 0.003 — 4.4 60.064 0.51 0.95 8.37 18.30 0.30 0.43 0.03 0.028 0.01 0.002 — 8.1 7 0.0680.50 1.06 8.32 18.51 0.25 0.35 0.03 0.030 0.01 0.003 — 8.2 8 0.018 0.741.18 12.53 18.61 2.39 0.37 0.02 0.012 0.00 0.008 — 11.8 9 0.020 0.681.34 13.30 17.53 2.29 0.38 0.02 0.012 0.00 0.006 — 4.8 10 0.017 0.721.11 13.01 17.79 2.10 0.29 0.02 0.013 0.00 0.006 — 6.5 11 0.039 1.460.27 6.87 13.79 0.77 0.66 0.00 0.008 0.33 0.035 — 6.8 12 0.058 0.46 1.028.81 18.97 0.26 0.35 0.02 0.026 0.00 0.001 — 9.5 13 0.017 0.56 1.6413.79 19.07 3.39 0.32 0.01 0.061 0.00 0.003 — 8.5 14 0.054 0.62 1.4210.62 19.95 0.20 0.33 0.80 0.027 0.00 0.001 — 10.2 15 0.041 1.41 0.287.24 14.00 0.78 0.60 0.00 0.007 0.33 0.037 — 6.2 16 0.052 0.70 1.1118.73 27.36 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.017 0.00 0.001 — 15.8 17 0.047 0.74 1.0819.19 25.04 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.018 0.00 0.001 — 6.7 18 0.086 2.78 0.228.34 13.70 2.21 0.26 0.00 0.069 0.00 0.000 — 6.8 19 0.079 0.58 6.05 2.0617.23 0.18 2.18 0.02 0.175 0.00 0.001 — 1.3 20 0.131 0.44 1.72 6.2616.62 0.26 0.35 0.01 0.062 0.00 0.001 — −1.9 21 0.059 1.73 0.62 11.0120.31 0.21 0.16 0.12 0.151 0.00 0.044 Ca: 0.002 6.3 REM: 0.043 22 0.0872.79 0.21 8.02 13.60 2.22 0.25 0.00 0.064 0.00 0.000 — 7.6 23 0.081 0.596.51 2.01 16.97 0.18 2.19 0.02 0.169 0.00 0.001 — 0.1 24 0.127 0.47 1.646.50 18.14 0.28 0.36 0.01 0.061 0.00 0.001 — 3.7 25 0.072 0.49 0.76 7.2116.57 0.11 0.19 0.02 0.031 0.00 1.180 Ca: 0.001 3.4 26 0.029 0.58 1.019.08 17.34 0.15 0.33 0.02 0.009 0.48 0.023 Ca: 0.001 6.7 27 0.017 0.641.12 12.08 17.16 2.11 0.32 0.01 0.011 0.00 0.004 — 6.4 28 0.058 0.481.02 8.05 18.21 0.28 0.33 0.02 0.028 0.00 0.001 V: 0.09 8.7 29 0.0170.33 1.73 8.04 17.04 0.22 3.19 0.01 0.012 0.01 0.003 — 6.9 30 0.059 0.591.10 8.06 18.34 0.26 0.35 0.01 0.024 0.00 0.002 Zr: 0.31 9.8 31 0.0410.69 0.99 19.15 25.12 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.019 0.00 0.002 B: 0.004 7.6 Ca:0.001 32 0.064 1.67 0.65 11.27 20.79 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.146 0.00 0.044 Ca:0.002 7.1 33 0.068 0.51 1.15 8.02 18.87 0.30 0.48 0.03 0.032 0.01 0.004— 10.2 34 0.071 0.47 0.75 7.28 17.87 0.12 0.19 0.02 0.033 0.00 1.158 Ca:0.001 7.8 35 0.030 0.56 1.10 9.38 18.45 0.14 0.31 0.02 0.010 0.49 0.024Ca: 0.001 9.5 36 0.057 0.47 0.95 8.05 18.13 0.24 0.31 0.02 0.024 0.000.001 — 8.7

The continuous casting mold was an ordinary water-cooling copper alloymold having a contact surface to a molten metal constituted by a copperalloy. The size of the mold for the continuous casting at the level ofthe surface of the molten steel was set to 200 mm for the short edgelength and a range of from 700 to 1,650 mm for the long edge length. Thedimension at the lower end of the mold was slightly smaller than theaforementioned size in consideration of the solidification contraction.A submerged nozzle having two discharge ports on both sides in the longedge direction was disposed at the center position in the long edgedirection and the short edge direction. The submerged nozzle had anouter diameter of 105 mm. The two discharge ports were disposedsymmetrically with respect to a plane passing through the center of thenozzle and in parallel to the short edge surface. Electro-magneticstirrer devices were disposed on the back sides of the molds on the longedges facing each other, and electro-magnetic stirring was performed toimpart a flowing force in the long edge direction to the molten steel inthe depth position in the vicinity of the surface of the molten steel tothe depth position of approximately 200 mm in the mold. As shown in FIG.1, the flow directions on the both long edge edges facing each otherwere made inverse to each other. The average flow velocity V_(EMS) inthe long edge direction of the molten steel in contact with the surfaceof the solidification shell in the depth region providing a thickness ofthe solidification shell of from 5 to 10 mm was controlled by adjustingthe electro-magnetic stirrer current based on the accumulated data ofthe “relationship between the electro-magnetic stirrer current and themolten steel flow velocities at positions in the mold” having beenobtained in advance for the continuous casting apparatus. The moltensteel temperatures (° C.) at an average molten steel surface depth of 20mm at the two positions P₁ and P₂ shown in FIG. 5 were measured with athermocouple, and the average value of the two positions was employed asthe average molten steel temperature T_(L) (° C.).

Table 2 shows the casting conditions of the examples. ΔT is thedifference between the average molten steel temperature T_(L) (° C.) andthe solidification starting temperature T_(S) (° C.) according to theexpression (2). The solidification starting temperatures T_(S) (° C.)are shown in Table 1. In the column of “Evaluation by expression (1)”,the case that satisfies the requirement of the expression (1) is shownby “pass”, and the case that does not satisfy the requirement is shownby “fail”.

Plural continuously cast slabs each having a length of approximately 8 mwere produced for each of the examples numbers in Table 2 according tothe continuous casting condition therefor. One of the slabs was selectedas a representative slab of the example number. The surface of one sideof the representative slab was visually observed to investigate thepresence of a surface defect in casting direction involving a surfacecrack. The case where the presence of a surface crack is apparentlyconfirmed visually is shown by “Surface crack of slab: yes” in Table 2.

The representative slab of each of the example numbers was subjected tothe ordinary hot rolling process and cold rolling process to provide acold rolled coil having a sheet thickness of from 0.6 to 2.0 mm. Thesurface of the slab was not treated with a grinder. The resulting coldrolled coil was subjected to the line equipped with a laser surfaceinspection device, and one surface of the coil was inspected over theentire length thereof according to a fixed inspection standard toresearch the presence of a surface flaw. In the case where a surfaceflaw was detected in a region obtained by dividing the entire length ofthe coil by 1 m in the longitudinal direction (hereinafter referred toas a “segment”), the segment was designated as a “flawed segment”. Theproportion of the number of the “flawed segments” in the total number ofthe segments over the entire length of the coil (hereinafter referred toas a “defect occurrence rate”) was obtained, and the case having adefect occurrence rate exceeding 3% was evaluated as “poor” (poorsurface property), whereas the case having a “defect occurrence rate” of3% or less was evaluated as “good” (good surface property). The resultsare shown in the column “Evaluation of surface flaw of cold rolled coil”in Table 2. The inspection standard is a fairly severe one, and flawsother than the flaw derived from the surface defect in casting directionof the continuously cast slab are also detected. In general, a coldrolled coil having a defect occurrence rate exceeding 3% can be appliedto most purposes, but in some cases, cannot be applied to purposes wherethe surface property is important. On the other hand, a cold rolled coilhaving a defect occurrence rate of 3% or less can be evaluated as havingan extremely good surface property, and the restriction in purpose dueto flaws thereof is significantly small.

TABLE 2 Continuous casting condition Evaluation of Example TS ΔT V_(C)V_(EMS) F_(EMS) 50F_(EMS) + Evaluation by Surface crack surface flaw ofNo. (° C.) (° C.) (m/min) (m/s) *1 10 expression (1) of slab cold rolledcoil 1 1449 25 0.50 0.40 0.32 26.0 pass — good 2 1449 28 0.80 0.40 0.3427.1 fail yes poor 3 1420 25 1.00 0.40 0.36 27.8 pass — good 4 1445 241.40 0.40 0.38 29.2 pass — good 5 1460 26 0.50 0.20 0.16 18.0 fail yespoor 6 1449 25 0.80 0.28 0.24 22.0 fail — good 7 1449 24 1.00 0.28 0.2522.5 fail yes poor 8 1428 25 1.40 0.00 0.00 10.0 fail yes poor 9 1428 290.50 0.30 0.24 22.0 fail yes poor 10 1428 31 0.80 0.40 0.34 27.1 failyes poor 11 1455 30 1.00 0.50 0.45 32.3 pass — good 12 1449 31 1.40 0.400.38 29.2 fail yes poor 13 1420 31 0.50 0.28 0.22 21.2 fail yes poor 141445 30 0.80 0.00 0.00 10.0 fail yes poor 15 1455 28 1.00 0.28 0.25 22.5fail — good 16 1416 30 1.40 0.28 0.27 23.5 fail yes poor 17 1416 21 0.500.40 0.32 26.0 pass — good 18 1435 20 0.80 0.40 0.34 27.1 pass — good 191437 19 1.00 0.50 0.45 32.3 pass — good 20 1460 20 1.40 0.40 0.38 29.2pass — good 21 1425 18 0.50 0.28 0.22 21.2 pass — good 22 1435 20 0.800.00 0.00 10.0 fail yes poor 23 1437 19 1.00 0.10 0.09 14.5 fail yespoor 24 1460 20 1.40 0.00 0.00 10.0 fail yes poor 25 1462 16 0.50 0.400.32 26.0 pass — good 26 1453 15 0.80 0.40 0.34 27.1 pass — good 27 142817 1.00 0.30 0.27 23.4 pass — good 28 1449 15 1.40 0.40 0.38 29.2 pass —good 29 1451 15 0.50 0.28 0.22 21.2 pass — good 30 1449 16 0.80 0.280.24 22.0 pass — good 31 1416 15 1.00 0.20 0.18 18.9 pass — good 32 142515 1.40 0.00 0.00 10.0 fail yes poor 33 1449 20 1.35 0.30 0.29 24.3 pass— good 34 1462 16 1.10 0.00 0.00 10.0 fail — good 35 1453 25 1.20 0.300.28 23.9 fail — good 36 1428 19 1.10 0.00 0.00 10.0 fail — good *1:V_(EMS) (0.18V_(C) + 0.71)

FIG. 8 shows a graph plotting the relationship between ΔT and F_(EMS) inTable 2. In the plots, the circle mark and the cross mark correspond tothe good evaluation and the poor evaluation respectively in the“Evaluation of surface flaw of cold rolled coil” in Table 2. In FIG. 8,the borderline of the allowable upper limit of ΔT (ΔT=50×F_(EMS)+10) ofthe expression (1) is shown by the broken line. There are some exampleshaving less surface flaw of the cold rolled coil with the goodevaluation even in the case where ΔT is larger than the line. However,for stably achieving the good surface property with the good evaluation,it is significantly effective to employ a condition providing ΔT underthe line.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST

-   10 long edge direction-   11A, 11B mold-   12A, 12B long edge surface-   20 short edge direction-   21A, 21B mold-   22A, 22B short edge surface-   30 submerged nozzle-   40 molten steel-   42 solidification shell-   60A, 60B flow direction of molten steel by electro-magnetic stirrer-   70A, 70B electro-magnetic stirrer device

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for producing an austeniticstainless steel slab, using a mold having a rectangular profile shape ofan inner surface of the mold cut in a horizontal plane, two inner wallsurfaces of the mold constituting long edges of the rectangular shapeeach are referred to as a “long edge surface”, two inner wall surfacesof the mold constituting short edges thereof each are referred to as a“short edge surface”, a horizontal direction in parallel to the longedge surface is referred to as a “long edge direction”, and a horizontaldirection in parallel to the short edge surface is referred to as a“short edge direction”, comprising: discharging a molten steel of anaustenitic stainless steel having a chemical composition containing, interms of percentage by mass, from 0.005 to 0.150% of C, from 0.10 to3.00% of Si, from 0.10 to 6.50% of Mn, from 1.50 to 22.00% of Ni, from15.00 to 26.00 of Cr, from 0 to 3.50% of Mo, from 0 to 3.50% of Cu, from0.005 to 0.250% of N, from 0 to 0.80% of Nb, from 0 to 0.80% of Ti, from0 to 1.00% of V, from 0 to 0.80% of Zr, from 0 to 1.500% of Al, from 0to 0.010% of B, and from 0 to 0.060% in total of a rare earth elementand Ca, with the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, having avalue A of 20.0 or less defined by the following expression (4), from asubmerged nozzle having two discharge ports disposed at a center in thelong edge direction and the short edge direction in the mold; andapplying electric power to the molten steel in a vicinity of asolidification shell in a depth region providing a solidification shellthickness of from 5 to 10 mm at least at a center position in the longedge direction, so as to cause flows in directions inverse to each otherin the long edge direction on both long edge sides, thereby performingelectro-magnetic stirring (EMS) to control a continuous castingcondition satisfying the following expression (1):10<ΔT<50×F _(EMS)+10  (1) wherein ΔT and F_(EMS) are represented by thefollowing expressions (2) and (3) respectively:ΔT=T _(L) −T _(S)  (2)F _(EMS) =V _(EMS)×(0.18×V _(C)+0.71)  (3) wherein T_(L) represents anaverage molten steel temperature (° C.) at an average molten steelsurface depth of 20 mm at a position of a ¼ position in the long edgedirection and a ½ position in the short edge direction; T_(S) representsa solidification starting temperature (° C.) of the molten steel;F_(EMS) represents a stirring intensity index; V_(EMS) represents anaverage molten steel flow velocity (m/s) in the long edge directionimparted by the electro-magnetic stirring in a depth region providing asolidification shell thickness of from 5 to 10 mm at a center positionin the long edge direction; and V_(C) represents a casting velocity(m/min) corresponding to a progress velocity of the cast slab in alongitudinal direction:A=3.647(Cr+Mo+1.5Si+0.5Nb)−2.603(Ni+30C+30N+0.5Mn)−32.377  (4) whereinthe element symbols in the expression (4) represent contents of theelements in terms of percentage by mass respectively.
 2. The method forproducing an austenitic stainless steel slab according to claim 1,wherein the continuous casting condition is controlled to furthersatisfy also the following expression (5):ΔT≤25  (5).
 3. The method for producing an austenitic stainless steelslab according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting condition iscontrolled to further satisfy also the following expression (6):ΔT≤20  (6).
 4. The method for producing an austenitic stainless steelslab according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting condition iscontrolled to further satisfy also the following expression (7):F _(EMS)≤0.50  (7).
 5. The method for producing an austenitic stainlesssteel slab according to claim 1, wherein the continuous castingcondition is controlled to further satisfy also the following expression(8):F _(EMS)≤0.40  (8).